FESCON Conference Proceedings is the medium for the publication of the proceedings from conferences organized by the faculty of Environmental Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
Address By The Hon. Commissioner For Environment, Anambra State
Climate change presents a multi-dimensional challenge to sustainable development in Nigeria. As extreme weather events increase in frequency and intensity, subnational governments must design adaptive strategies to safeguard communities, infrastructure, and livelihoods. This paper examines the climate change resilient strategies implemented by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment. Drawing on global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement, and national policies like Nigeria’s National Climate Change Policy (2021), this paper presents an analysis of the state's legal, institutional, and community-based innovations. It concludes that multi-stakeholder engagement, policy coherence, and eco-centric planning are central to building climate resilience in subnational contexts.
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Demonstration Of The Effectiveness Of Struvite (Urine – Based Organic Fertilizer) In Comparison With Npk And Urea (Inorganic Fertilizers) On Cucurbita Maxima
This study compared the effects of struvite (a slow-release organic fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK 20:10:10 and urea) on the growth of Cucurbita maxima (ugbogulu/anyu). It is targeted to prove that struvite, has positive effect on plants growth; then recommend it as fertilizer with an added advantage in relation to possibly being a great business venture. Here, struvite obtained from human urine was used for growing of the Cucurbita maxima which lasted for a period of four (4) months (December 2023, up to April, 2024). Four treatment groups employed included: control (no application), NPK 20:10:10, urea fertilizer and struvite group. Data on the following plant growth parameters were collected within 3 to 9 weeks after planting which was done third week of January, 2024. These data included: plant height, number of leaves, stem girth (circumference) and leaf area of the plants. Chlorophyll content, vitamin C content and mineral content were also determined according to the method of Arnon (1949), Klein and Perry (1982) and APHA (1995) respectively. The results showed that plants grown with struvite had a higher percentage change in plant height (91%) and the average plant height (cm) in 6-week harvest data was 23.78±1.08. The average number of the leaves in the struvite group was the highest (7.50±0.96), while the average number of the leaves in the urea group was the lowest (4.67±0.43). Struvite group had the highest average final stem girth (2.43±0.12) when compared with other groups (having 2.23±0.16 and 2.18±0.19 for NPK and Urea groups respectively). Also, plants treated with struvite fertilizer had the highest vitamin C content (440.50±10.21), highest average chlorophyll B content (2.21±0.79) and highest potassium content (5.43±2.08). Therefore, it is recommended to use struvite as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for promoting plant growth, reducing negative environmental impact and making sanitation systems economically more attractive.
Innovative Technologies And Circular Economy Strategies For Sustainable Waste Management In Nigerian Urban Centers
Rapid urbanization in Nigeria has intensified the challenges of municipal solid waste management, contributing to environmental degradation, public health risks, and greenhouse gas emissions. Traditional linear waste management approaches characterized by 'take-make-dispose' have proven inadequate to address the growing waste volumes and complexities in Nigerian urban centers. 1). This paper examines the potential of emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain, to support circular economy strategies, that aim to reduce waste generation and enhance recycling. 2). Relying on secondary sources and case studies within Nigeria and comparable cities across the world, this study applies thematic analysis to identify technological interventions that foster circularity in waste management systems. 3). Findings reveal that while pilot projects employing smart bins, AI-enabled sorting, and blockchain-based traceability are still in pilot stage. The widespread expectation in its adoption would be hindered by infrastructural deficits, regulatory gaps, and limited stakeholder engagement. The paper argues for integrated policy frameworks that incentivize technological innovation aligned with circular economy principles, supported by capacity building among municipal authorities and communities. In advancing these technologies within a circular economy context, Nigerian urban centers can move towards sustainable waste systems that reduce environmental impact, create economic opportunities, and contribute to climate change mitigation. This research contributes to sustainability transitions literature by elucidating the nexus between cutting-edge technology and circularity in developing urban contexts.
Leveraging Climate-Smart Agriculture And Indigenous Knowledge For Sustainable Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy And Practice Insights
Food security has continued to pose significant barrier in Sub-Saharan Africa, intensified by the rising climate change challenges on agricultural yield and rural sustainability. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) represents an integrated approach that combines sustainable agricultural productivity, climate adaptation, and mitigation to strengthen food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite global advocacy and relevance, the integration of indigenous knowledge systems with modern CSA practices remains underexplored in both policy and implementation contexts. This paper, critically examines the potential of combining indigenous agricultural knowledge with climate-smart practices to enhance food security in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focused case study on Nigeria and its neighbouring countries including Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin. This study drawing from a holistic desk-based thematic analysis of diverse frameworks, articulation of relevant FAO and IPCC reports, germane literature review from Scopus based journal comprising of peer review studies in related subjects, identified major thematic codes within policy gaps, challenges relating to integration, and typical types of local experience and implications in climate resilience: Findings demonstrate that while indigenous knowledge including traditional crop selection, water conservation, and seasonal forecasting offers valuable context-specific adaptive strategies, its integration with CSA technologies varies across Nigeria and neighbouring countries (Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Benin) due to differing institutional barriers, policy frameworks, and community engagement levels. This disparity highlights the need for tailored policy reforms and localized CSA interventions to address the unique socio-cultural and environmental conditions within each country. However, institutional barriers, lack of policy recognition, and limited collaboration between local communities and formal agricultural systems hinder this integration. This article contends for policy reform inclusivity which identifies local experience and cultural knowledge as an invaluable input in discussing climate adaptation and food access game plans. The study also advocates for the interconnectedness between all major stakeholders including peasant farmers, academics and policy analysts to synthesize context-specific CSA solutions that are viable and scalable. Such participatory involvement can build stronger capacity for climate adaptation, resilience, and equality in food supply within the inevitable climate crisis era, and lastly, the research contributes to sustainability science by bridging traditional wisdom and scientific innovation, offering a pathway to more effective and culturally sensitive climate-smart agriculture policies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Climate – Resilient Infrastructure In Nigeria: An Assessment Of Nigeria’s Preparedness For Climate Resilience Events
Climate change poses significant challenges to infrastructure systems worldwide, particularly in developing nations like Nigeria, where rapid urbanization and weak institutional frameworks exacerbate vulnerabilities. This paper examines Nigeria’s preparedness for climate-resilient infrastructure by assessing existing policies, implementation strategies, and adaptive capacities. Using a mixed-methods approach, including policy analysis, case studies, and stakeholder interviews, the study evaluates critical infrastructure sectors such as transportation, energy, water supply, and housing. Findings indicate gaps in policy enforcement, inadequate funding, and limited technical expertise as major barriers to resilience. The paper proposes strategic interventions, including policy reforms, climate-smart engineering practices, and increased investment in resilient infrastructure. Strengthening institutional coordination and integrating climate resilience into development planning are crucial for mitigating climate-related disruptions and ensuring sustainable infrastructure in Nigeria.
Prospects And Challenges Of Adopting Green Maintenance Approach In Commercial Property Management For Eco-Friendly Environment
Global concern for climate change and green environment necessitates adoption of sustainable practices in commercial property maintenance for reduced carbon footprint, conservation of vital resources, and effective contribution to the overall health of the ecosystem. This study examined the prospects and challenges of adopting green maintenance approach in the management of commercial properties with a view to highlighting the core components of green maintenance to be focused on in property management function in the pursuit of sustainable resilient urban environment in Anambra State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used in mixed study. Primary and secondary data were sourced and utilized in this study. Structured questionnaire was used for primary data collection, while secondary data were gathered through theoretical reviews of existing literature. Convenient sampling method was used in selecting a total of 17 commercial buildings distributed as follows: Awka (7), Onitsha (4), Nnewi (4), and Ekwulobia (2) included in this survey. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive frequency and percentage statistics were used for analysis. This study found most of the existing commercial buildings were not designed and constructed to comply with the green requirements, nevertheless a combination of green and traditional (hybrid) maintenance approaches has adopted in such commercial buildings, while a few newer buildings are gradually adopting total green practices. This research recommended adoption of green designs and construction methods so as to aid adoption of green maintenance during occupation and use of the buildings.
Floating Architecture As Alternative Living On The Water To Tackling Housing Deficiency In The Niger-Delta Nigeria
Part of the Global Environmental Problems (GEP) is the obvious rising global population which necessitates more demands for shelter. Some parts of Nigeria have more water spaces than lands for building developments. Such areas feel the rising cost of sand-filling of water bodies, building development, housing competence and climate change than others areas with lesser water bodies. Adding to lives and other properties, the Niger Delta area has lost buildings to flooding activities thus increasing the problems of housing deficiency. Floating architecture seems to be the alternative to living on the water to mitigate housing deficiency in the Niger Delta Nigeria. The research aims to propose a sustainable Floating Vernacular Architecture (SuFVA) for people living in riverine areas of the Niger Delta. It is necessary for the proposed Architecture to float due to rising sea levels in the event of flooding, thus, creating buildings that chart a resilient future to prevailing climate change and sustainable water management. Elements, such as building height, water depth and wave loads, moor and no moors, analyze the floating structure. This research is significant in bringing people closer to the natural and safe aquatic lifestyle even during floods, beautiful scenes, comfort, and lower energy bills. The disadvantage of living on the water will be limited space for storage. This study examines the visual and spatial characteristics of floating buildings. A qualitative approach using a naturalistic research method is employed. It surveys 11 floating houses in Tempe Lake as case studies employing observations and recording of physical details. It reveals that the houses consist of raft foundations, columns, roofs, doors, windows, floors, walls, roofs, and latrines. Other characteristics including functions, organization, circulation, orientation, an0d hierarchy are studied. It concludes that three categories of unique characteristics are adopted to set up the Floating Architectural concept safely.
Patient And Ward Correlates Of Outdoor Therapeutic Experience: Implications For Enhancing Patient Resilience In Psychiatric Hospitals
Psychosocial resilience is often overlooked as dimension of sustainable healthcare, yet it is crucial in healthcare settings where the built environment can either buffer or amplify distress. Guided by the Attention Restoration Theory, Stress Reduction Theory, Supportive Design theory and Biophilic Design theory, the study investigated how patient and ward-level correlates shape in-patients’ Outdoor Therapeutic Experience (OTE) in psychiatric hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 123 adult in-patients across four tertiary psychiatric facilities captured patient demographics (IDASQ), six socio-spatial ward attributes (SS-WAC) and seven OTE indicators (PIWA-OTES; α = 0.82). Theil-Sen median and 0.5-quantile regression modelled predictors of the composite OTE score. The mean PIWA-OTES score was 3.9 ± 0.5, indicating moderately high perceived restorativeness. Quantile regression explained 39 % of the variance, outputting the following as independently predicting higher OTE: open-ward layouts preserving privacy; high-occupancy wards promoting interaction; centrally located open nursing stations enhancing both safety and freedom with nurses; direct door access to outdoor spaces enhancing autonomy; pleasing natural views; and dignified communal visitor areas (β = 0.147–0.175; all p < 0.001). Patient characteristics showed no significant predictive value. While some findings challenge conventional assumptions, they reflect locally embedded social norms and adaptive spatial experiences. These results suggest that design strategies for mental healthcare environments must be sensitive to cultural expectations and resource constraints if they are to snowball into broader psychosocial resilience. Architectural recommendations include supporting voluntary interaction in high-occupancy spaces, ensuring spatial privacy through layout rather than enclosure, enhancing view quality, and enabling meaningful social interaction zones. This evidence supports context-specific design approaches to improve perceived outdoor environmental restorativeness in psychiatric care settings within the region.
The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Climate Resilience: Applications For Architectural Technologists In Southeast Nigeria
There is no gainsaying the role architectural technologists play in determining the nexus between technology and architecture. This intricately specialized role which incorporates the entire lifespan of buildings ensures that buildings remain cost-effective, well-organized and functional. However, the plethora of challenges confronting the Nigerian milieu, which include overwhelming housing deficits, rapid slum purlieus that results in inordinate waste generations, and overall indiscriminate land-use patterns collectively pose a bane to the architectural technologist’s practice. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of preparedness to tackle issues of decarbonisation and potential challenges for implementation of climatic-resilient architecture. The aim is to ensure that adopting advanced technology speak to providing design and construction solutions that promote climate resilience peculiar to the Nigerian built environment. Survey research method was adopted; wherein structured questionnaires were used to capture quantitative description of developments, and assessments of two (2) research populations, comprising the schools and registered architectural firms. 63 architectural firms and 4 schools offering architectural technology programmes were randomly selected within the zone. The study revealed over 68% of students have not received any formal training in AI, 79% of technologists work in sync with AI using predominantly ChatGPT. This paper recommends that departments and stakeholders engage in proactive co-creation of a systemic framework to reflect the new specialisms of architectural technology and provide the requisite skills required to navigate the challenging work environment and demands characteristic of study area. This should embrace robust application of AI for climate-resilient architecture.
Exploring Passive Cooling Strategies For Mitigating Climate Change Effects
The rise in global temperatures caused by climate change has intensified the need for sustainable cooling measures in building design. Although conventional air conditioning systems are effective, they account for high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Passive cooling methods, on the other hand, such as shading, natural ventilation, thermal mass, and evaporative cooling, offer a more sustainable approach by minimizing the use of mechanical cooling systems. The efficiency of passive cooling methods in preventing the effects of climate change on built environments is the focus of this study. The study explores various passive cooling methods in different climates, emphasizing their role in improving thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Through literature review and case studies, it examines real-world applications of passive cooling, featuring examples like the Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe and the Dominican Chapel in Nigeria. These case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of passive cooling in mitigating urban heat stress and lowering energy consumption. The results of the research indicate that passive cooling strategies can reduce indoor temperatures by up to 15°C, while reducing the cooling energy demand by approximately 30% simultaneously. Various barriers to the widespread adoption of the strategies exist, however, including a lack of policy support, low levels of awareness, and high upfront costs. The research recommends integrating passive cooling design principles into building regulations, incentivizing their adoption, and facilitating education on climate-responsive design. Through the application of passive cooling principles, urban planners and architects can build climate resilience, promote energy security, and achieve sustainable urban growth. Passive cooling measures offer an effective means to reducing energy consumption and mitigating the impacts of climate change within built spaces. Empirical experience proves their effectiveness in enhancing energy performance and thermal comfort; however, challenges such as regulatory lags and substantial upfront costs are hindering mainstream adoption. Adoption of passive cooling methods into building codes and city planning is a necessary step for promoting sustainable design that is immune to climate risk.
Green Architecture: Environmental Impact And Implementation
Green architecture, or sustainable design, is essential for addressing the environmental, social, and economic challenges of the 21st century. This study examines green architecture as a method for sustainable building, aiming to reduce environmental impact throughout a structure's lifecycle. As climate change and ecological degradation escalate, the demand for sustainable architecture increases. This paper provides an overview of green architecture, outlining its principles, technical applications, and benefits for the environment and human health. It also evaluates core concepts like sustainable development, eco-design, and resource efficiency while addressing barriers to widespread adoption. By using a qualitative research design, this study analyses case studies verified by the Green Building Council (GBC) to demonstrate the successful application of green architecture principles. Systematic searches in various databases reveal key themes and trends in current practices and emerging innovations in the field. Key benefits of green architecture study include the enhancement and protection of biodiversity, improved air and water quality, natural resource conservation, and reduced operational costs. Additionally, creating green buildings contributes significantly to the overall quality of life for occupants by fostering healthier environments that prioritize well-being. The research underscores the role of renewable energy sources, effective waste management, and thoughtful site planning as integral components of successful green architecture. However, challenges such as high upfront costs, limited awareness among stakeholders, and regulatory barriers are identified as significant obstacles to implementation. The study advocates for a multifaceted approach to overcoming these challenges through increased education, collaboration among stakeholders, and supportive government policies. In conclusion, the evolution of green architecture is paving the way for innovative design solutions like Net-Zero Energy Buildings, which aim to offset energy consumption by generating equivalent energy. This initiative is vital for mitigating the environmental impact of the construction industry and advancing global sustainability goals. This paper provides a foundational understanding of green architecture, contributing to the ongoing discourse on sustainable development and offering actionable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers alike.
Neo-Artificial Intelligence (Ai) And Liquidity Of Financial Sectors In Nigeria: Nexus In Climate Finance
This study analysed the neo-artificial intelligence (AI) and liquidity of financial sectors in Nigeria: Nexus in Climate Finance from 2012-2023. The specific objectives were to evaluate the effect of Real-time gross settlement and Electronic funds transfer, on the liquidity of financial sectors in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used based on secondary data collected for the study, the study financial service sector in Nigeria. The variables were liquidity of financial sectors as the dependent variables while real-time gross settlement and Electronic funds transfer, were the independent variables. Panel Least Squared (PLS) method of data analysis was used. The study also employed descriptive statistics to check the normality data collected for the study, while hausman test was used to check for Regression analysis between dependent variable and independent variables and correlation in this study was used to check the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. From the analysis result the study found that; Real time gross settlement has significant effect on liquidity of financial sector in Nigeria. (t=3.583072=0.009); Electronic fund transfer has no significant effect on liquidity of financial sector in Nigeria (=0.569002, p=0.5721); The study recommended amongst others that; financial sectors should ensure adequacy of real time gross settlement services, regardless of location to enhance customer access. They should also ensure availability of electronic fund transfer services so that customers can have seamless and round-the-clock access.
Improving The Design Of Paediatric Rehabilitation Centre Using Environmentally Friendly Ideas: Case Of Selected Hospitals In South-East Nigeria
Paediatric rehabilitation centres play vital roles in the long-term recovery and developmental support of children facing physical, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions. However, in many Nigerian hospitals, the architectural design of these centres often neglects the environmental needs of children, which are essential for healing. This study investigates how environmentally friendly design ideas can be used to improve paediatric rehabilitation centres in South-East Nigeria, focusing on two case study hospitals: Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, and Amanda Hospital, Imo State. The research adopted survey method with case study approach. Data was got from site observations and semi-structured interviews with healthcare staff, caregivers, and administrators. Key areas examined include spatial organisation, natural ventilation, , sensory design, landscape integration, and material selection. Findings reveal a lack of child-centred design features and minimal integration of nature-inspired and eco-friendly design concepts in the selected centres. Environmental comfort, emotional well-being, and functional efficiency were identified as critical gaps affecting therapeutic outcomes. The study recommends a set of design principles tailored for the Nigerian context, including the incorporation of biophilic elements, adaptive reuse of space, and passive environmental strategies. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in healthcare architecture and sustainable design. It also provides feedback for architects, policymakers, and healthcare planners aiming to enhance paediatric rehabilitation facilities in resource-limited settings. Ultimately, the study advocates for a shift from sterile, clinical environments to more nurturing, eco-conscious spaces that align with the physical and emotional healing needs of children.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation Of Thermal Comfort Conditions In Faculty Buildings In Alex-Ekwueme Federal University
Achieving thermal comfort in office blocks is a big challenge facing the building industry. High indoor temperatures can negatively impact the health and productivity of office workers. This study investigates the thermal comfort levels of faculty of humanities buildings containing four (4) different departments, with fifty-three (53) offices in Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State. A post-occupancy evaluation approach was adopted during the survey, using a mixed research method. The participants answered comfort questions at the same time the indoor and outdoor thermal variables were being measured with data loggers. Results showed that 65% of the occupants were uncomfortable with the indoor thermal environment, with 60 % of the respondents reporting low air inflow as their reason for thermal discomfort. Results further revealed that thermal comfort levels varied significantly across different buildings and spaces. Occupants’ perceptions of thermal comfort were observed to be influenced by factors such as personal demographics, clothing, and activity levels. This paper recommends the adoption of climate-responsive designs to reduce heat gain and improve ventilation in office blocks in tropical climates.
Intersection Of Gender And Climate Change: Enhancing Resilience By Empowering Rural Women In Anambra State
Climate change is a global crisis with far-reaching impacts across all demographics, yet its effects often intersect with gender, vulnerable populations, with women bearing the brunt of its adverse effects. Women, particularly in developing regions, play pivotal roles in resource management, agriculture, and community resilience being at the forefront of local climate adaptation strategies. This paper argues that understanding the intricate relationship between gender and climate vulnerability in rural areas as it affects women is crucial for building effective resilience. It explores the intense relationship between gender and climate resilience, highlighting the crucial roles women play in building community resilience and the ways they can empower the community to climate-related policies and programs. While women face issues and challenges, they also possess invaluable knowledge, skills and leadership qualities that make them agents of positive change in climate related issues. However, their contributions frequently go unrecognized, and they are often excluded from decision-making processes concerning climate action. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the gender-climate nexus so as to highlight the importance of women empowerment in climate resilience. The paper observes that climate change poses distinct challenges to women, particularly in the context of health, economic stability, and social structures. It identifies through literature, case studies that extreme weather events, food insecurity, forest depletion and loss of biodiversity disproportionately impact women's livelihoods and increases gender-based violence. It analyses these dynamics and concludes by emphasising the necessity of integrating gender perspectives into climate policies and emphasizes the empowerment of women as important to effective climate action. Policy recognizing women as both agents and victims of climate change is essential for developing effective approaches that foster resilience, equity, and sustainable development in a changing world. The research therefore provides stakeholders and policymakers with recommendations to integrate gender considerations into climate action initiatives.
Critical Assessment Of The Hidden Carbon Footprint Of Smart Home Devices In Nigeria
Smart home devices represent the flagship of modern residential living. They integrate Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and sophisticated automation plexuses to facilitate efficiency, security, and comfort. While these advancements are eulogised for their eco-conscious potential, their hidden carbon footprints remain underexamined, especially in developing contexts like Nigeria. This study thoroughly examines the hidden environmental costs of smart home devices in Nigeria, with emphasis on their operational energy demands, embedded carbon during production, and the ecological burden of cloud infrastructures that support AI-enabled functionalities. Nigeria presents a unique context for this inquiry due to its fast-paced growth, tech adoption, epileptic power supply, and overarching dependence on carbon-intensive options such as fossil-fuelled power generators. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, merging systematic literature review, real-time energy tracking, life-cycle assessment (LCA) data, and semi-structured discussion sessions with occupants and energy experts across selected urban and peri-urban Nigerian locales. Findings reveal a sustainability paradox: while intelligent high-ends can lower household energy consumption by up to 30% through enhanced usage, this gain is often eroded by spiking energy consumption statistics of cloud-based data hubs and AI processing. The dearth of localized LCA structures and regulatory oversight in Nigeria worsens the problem of clinically quantifying the net carbon impact of these technologies. This study proffers key strategies to lower the hidden carbon footprint of smart home devices in Nigeria, including localized eco-designs, integration of renewable energy plexuses, sustainable procurement of electronic components, and encouragement of responsible digital usage. Moreso, it pushes for policy structures and industry standards customized for the Nigerian context towards aligning smart technology implementation with national and global carbon reduction objectives. This way, concerned stakeholders will be offered viable insight into balancing digital innovation with ecological responsibility in a rapidly changing African market.
Smart Floating Housing For Flood Resilient Building Design In Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria
The practice of moving to or having settlement on elevated highland in flood-prone areas above sea level is as old as human civilisation. Floating, hydrostatic architecture and buildings in riverine areas have long been practised even in Makoko, Ijora, Ekpe lagoon communities in Lagos, Nigeria. Floating decks called pontoon services are used in riverine areas of Oguta II and places such as Oguta lake to cross cargo, people and as a means of mass transportation in these and other areas of Nigeria. This paper explores the innovative concept of incorporating smart floating foundations and decks as a promising technological solution for constructing flood-resilient buildings and facilities. By incorporating advanced smart technologies with hydraulic engineering principles, these foundations can adapt to fluctuating water levels, reduce the risk of structural damage and ensure the safety of occupants. Through literature review and relevant case studies, the paper delved into the causes of flood, increased impact of climate change, engineering design considerations for flood resilient buildings, and employable up scaling technological advancements. It found that potential benefits of smart floating foundations can reduce and solve flooding problems of ravaging climate change in perennially flooded areas of Oguta and indeed Nigeria. It thus concludes that this research not only reinforces the age-long practice of community flood problem response but provides valuable insights for the society, students, architects, engineers, and policymakers to tackle contemporary climate change flooding challenges in riverine areas.
Indigenous Knowledge And Flood Adaptation In Anambra State
Flooding remains a major challenge in Anambra State, Nigeria, due to its proximity to the Niger River. Seasonal floods displaced communities, destroy infrastructure, and threatened food security. The study evaluated the effectiveness of indigenous knowledge in achieving flood adaptation with the objective of drawing insights from a similar case study conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. The study adopted a qualitative research method. Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were used to select participants with firsthand experience of recurring flood events and to reach hidden or marginalized knowledge holders in the study area. Primary data were collected via semi-structured interview and focus group discussions, and complemented with a review of government policy papers, previous academic studies, NGO reports, and historical flood records in Anambra State. The study identified six (6) themes: traditional flood prediction, adaptive housing, resilient agriculture, community-based response, declining indigenous knowledge, and institutional disconnect, as indicators for comparing with a similar case study in Palembang, Indonesia. Findings show that local communities used environmental cues like river behaviour, bird migration, and cloud formations to predict floods methods similar to those in Palembang. Traditional stilt houses made of mud and bamboo, and flood-resistant farming practices using yam and cassava, were common but declining due to urbanization and policy neglect. Social structures such as women’s groups and elders played essential roles in flood response, though these too were weakening. The study recommended the integration of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) with modern flood risk management policies for a sustainable flood adaptation strategy in Anambra State.
Enhancing The Design Of Orthopaedic Hospitals Using Biophilic Elements: The Case Of Some Selected Hospitals In South-East Nigeria
The quality of healthcare facility design plays a critical role in influencing patient recovery, staff efficiency, and overall healthcare outcomes. In Nigeria, orthopaedic healthcare facilities often face design challenges that limit their effectiveness in promoting healing environments. This study explores the current design conditions of selected orthopedic hospitals in the southeastern region of Nigeria, with a particular focus on identifying opportunities for improvement through the integration of biophilic design elements. Using a case study approach, data was collected through field observations, architectural analysis, and interviews with healthcare professionals and facility users across selected hospitals. The findings highlight prevalent issues such as overcrowded wards, poor ventilation, inadequate access to natural light, and limited incorporation of natural elements. These challenges not only affect patient comfort but also hinder staff performance and overall operational efficiency. The study underscores the urgent need to re-evaluate the design of orthopedic healthcare facilities in the region and recommends the adoption of biophilic principles as a practical and sustainable approach to enhancing healing environments. The outcomes provide context-specific insights that can inform future healthcare design policies and architectural interventions in Nigeria.
Gendered Impacts Of Climate Change: Flooding, Livelihoods, And Food Security In Ogbaru Lga, Anambra State, Nigeria
This study examines the intricate nexus between flooding, food security, and the gendered impacts of climate change on female farmers in Ogbaru Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra State, Nigeria. In light of the escalating threat posed by climate change, which amplifies extreme weather events such as flooding, the agricultural sector, particularly smallholder farming, faces ever-growing challenges in safeguarding food security. This research seeks to elucidate how climate-induced flooding disrupts agricultural productivity, disproportionately affecting women, who play a central role in food production within rural Nigeria. Employing a survey-based methodology, data were collected via structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions from a sample of 394 female farmers across selected communities. The findings underscore that flooding significantly hampers crop yields, exacerbates food insecurity, and amplifies the vulnerabilities faced by women, due in no small part to prevailing gender inequities. Moreover, the study reveals that while income influences agricultural output, other factors such as climatic variability, access to resources, and socio-political dynamics play equally pivotal roles in determining food security outcomes. The study calls for the formulation of gender-responsive policies and the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices to bolster the adaptive capacities of women farmers in flood-prone areas, thus ensuring a more sustainable and equitable approach to food security in the context of climate change.
Evaluation Of Energy Facilities And Service Availability In The Value Of Rental Apartments In Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Erratic and unstable energy and electricity resources and facilities have greatly hampered a lot of human activities globally. This study is aimed at examining the roles of electricity supply, energy facilities and services availability on residential property rental and capital values in Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. 383 questionnaires were administered on the systematically sampled respondents in urban places of the Area. This was complimented by the authors’ observation and on the spot record taking. The study identified the different types of apartments with electricity and energy facilities and estimated the capital and rental values of each of these residential properties in the study area and ascertained the major attractions of tenants to the apartments and willingness to live in the neighbourhoods. The study found among other things that 31.9% of the respondents stated that their lights are mostly available in the midnight while 33.9% are of the view that their light was erratically available at varied times and that tenants are willing to stay in the neighbourhood due to its proximity to their work place in the FCT. The study therefore recommended that Abuja Electricity Distribution Company energy supply uptime should be enhanced and access to these facilities and services should be increased across all locations in Karu Local Government to enhance the rental value of residential property and improve the quality of urban life of most residents.
Comprehensive SERVQUAL Assessment: Evaluating The Role Of Property Managers In Challenging The Environmental Kuznets Curve Within The Nigerian Real Estate Sector
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) contends that rising economic prosperity mitigates environmental degradation practices and orchestrates a greener economy. Despite decades of research, scholars remain divided on whether EKC adequately explains sustainability transitions in emerging economies. More pertinently, extant research is yet to test this hypothesis from a housing perspective considering its over 40% contribution to climate change. The paper interrogates these unresolved tensions by examining how environmentally aware property managers’ proactive capital allocation for green innovations contests the linear assumptions of the EKC. A structured SERVQUAL (service quality) survey was used to measure the reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathetic and responsiveness of sustainability transition by property managers. A purposive and stratified sample of 384 residents of high-end properties in Awka and Enugu was used to capture measurable sustainable housing service quality dimensions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the model, while data analysis employed Structural Equation Modelling. Results show that tenants perceived low reliability in green infrastructure maintenance, limited confidence in managers’ expertise, and weak tangible adoption of energy-efficient systems. While income predicted perceived energy efficiency (β=0.55, p=0.000), SERVQUAL dimensions like tangibility (β=0.47) and reliability (β=0.32) showed limited moderating effects, exposing the EKC’s neglect of human agency. It was concluded that firm growth alone cannot drive sustainability without human agency. Theoretically, this advances environmental economics by linking service quality to ecological outcomes. Practically, it urges property managers to prioritize staff training and proactive green investments. Policy implications advocate for tax incentives and regulatory frameworks to incentivize sustainable practices in emerging economies.
Climate Change And Food Security: Navigating Vulnerabilities And Advancing Resilient, Equitable Solutions
The relationship between climate change and food security is a critical issue amid rapidly changing environmental conditions. Rising global temperatures and erratic weather patterns disrupt agricultural systems, especially in rain-fed farming regions. These changes threaten not only food quantity but also accessibility and nutritional quality. This review paper examines the complex impacts of climate change on food security, focusing on vulnerable groups—women, smallholder farmers, and indigenous communities—whose adaptive capacity is limited by socio-economic inequalities. Beyond food availability, climate change reduces the nutritional value of staple crops, worsening ‘hidden hunger’ and malnutrition in impoverished areas. The study highlights the urgent need for inclusive, holistic strategies that combine climate-resilient agricultural practices with structural reforms prioritising equity and social justice. It calls for a paradigm shift towards sustainable, equitable food security approaches that recognise the interconnection of environmental, social, and political factors shaping global food systems. As a review, the methodology involved systematic synthesis of existing literature, using secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, policy briefs, and institutional reports. This enabled a thorough evaluation of current knowledge and gaps, with emphasis on gendered vulnerabilities and socio-economic disparities.
Integrating Ai Technologies Into Climate Risk Management Frameworks In Nigerian Agriculture For Food Security
Nigeria faces escalating climate challenges, including intensified droughts, erratic rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures, threatening ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods. Climate change increasingly threatens Nigeria’s largely rainfed smallholder agriculture, contributing to declining crop yields and threatening food security. This study investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing climate risk management in Nigerian agriculture. This study utilizes the concept of climate action as a lens, and an extensive desk review of existing literature. Findings reveal that AI technologies are increasingly employed in climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. Applications include predictive analytics for weather forecasting, optimization of water resource management, and enhancement of agricultural practices through precision farming, focusing on capacity building and community engagement. However, this study identifies significant barriers to the widespread adoption of AI in climate resilience efforts in Nigeria. Challenges encompass data scarcity, limited digital infrastructure, and a shortage of localized AI solutions tailored to specific Nigerian agriculture. Interviewees underscore the necessity for collaborative approaches that involve stakeholders at all levels, from grassroots organizations to international bodies, to develop and implement effective AI-driven climate strategies. The research concludes that while AI holds substantial promise for enhancing climate resilience in Nigeria, realizing its full potential requires addressing infrastructural and capacity-related challenges. Strategic investments in data infrastructure, education, and policy frameworks are essential to empower communities and ensure the equitable deployment of AI technologies in combating climate change across the continent.
Sustainable Food Security: Pesticide Residues And Heavy Metals Accumulation In Ugu Vegetable Grown In Atani, Anambra State
Pesticide residue an emerging contaminant that induce soil degradation, water pollution and health challenges in ecosystem. The objective of this study was to assess both organochlorine, organophosphate pesticide residues and some heavy metal levels in Ugu leafy vegetable grown in Atani farm fields and to compare the results with WHO standard limit. Application of field survey and appropriate laboratory analyses showed DDE mean value of 0.28±0.2 having a 0.0% compliance with WHO standard limit. Heavy metal Pb mean values ranged from 0.23±0.0, 0.55±5.0 and 0.13±0.0 for the Ugu leaf samples obtained from the four Ugu farm fields assayed, which also gave a 0,0% compliance with the WHO standard limit. ANOVA at significance level of 0.05 was employed in testing the research hypothesis. It showed a positive relationship between pesticides used for Ugu cultivation and pesticide residues on Ugu leaf samples (p < 0.05). The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals, organochlorine and organophosphates residues in all the Ugu leaf from the four farms assayed. While Pb and DDE were above WHO standards limit. This poses serious environmental concern due to persistent, toxicity and bioaccumulation of these contaminants detected on the leaves. It could lead to soil degradation, water pollution and pose health challenges on both ecosystem and humans, a bane of food security.
Welcome address by the L.O.C. Chairperson, Professor N. U. Okolo
Welcome address by the L.O.C. Chair, 5th International Conference of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, (FESCON) 2025, Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Address By The Dean Faculty Of Environmental Sciences, Prof. A. U. Okonkwo
Address By The Dean Faculty Of Environmental Sciences, Prof. A. U. Okonkwo, At The 5th International Conference Of The Faculty Of Environmental Sciences, (FESCON 2025), Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Challenges and opportunities in the adoption of smart building technologies in Nigeria
As one of the fastest-growing urban centres in Sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria is grappling with rapid urbanisation, inadequate infrastructure, and increasing demands for sustainable development. Smart building technologies, which integrate advanced systems for energy efficiency, security, and automation, offer a potential solution to these challenges by improving the quality of life, reducing operational costs, and promoting environmental sustainability. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in the adoption of smart building technologies in Nigeria with a focus on Lagos state. Using a qualitative research design with the use of literature reviews, and case study approach, the study examined seven (7) LEED-certified buildings, representing different smart building types and uses in Lagos state, Nigeria. LEED-certified buildings incorporate smart building technologies which are used to assess energy efficiency and occupants’ comfort. The study is guided by the sustainable development framework, which emphasises resource efficiency, environmental responsibility, and economic viability in the built environment. Findings revealed from the seven (7) LEED-certified buildings, that the major barriers to smart building technologies are high initial costs, technical knowledge gaps and infrastructure issues while the major opportunities include improvement in operational efficiency, reduction in costs and alignment with global sustainability standards. The study proposes: reduction in the cost of smart building technologies, prioritised technical know-how, infrastructural improvement, and increased investment in smart building technologies. The insights from this study would inform government policies in the adoption of smart building technologies in Nigeria.
Sustainable Urban Development And Climate Resilence In Nigerian Cities
Climate Change And Environmental Management: The Green Architecture Approach For Nigerian Households
In the past two decades, there has been a global action plan to deal with the issues arising from climate change as a result of the devastating effect it has on human beings and the ecosystem. Global warming, high energy use in buildings, inadequate power supply, shortage of portable water, depletion of forest reserves, drought, flooding and environmental pollution are a great challenge to developing countries especially Nigeria. This study seeks to examine the concept of climate change in the context of the role of green architecture in environmental management of the Nigerian households. The methodology adopted was descriptive survey and the instrument for data collection was a structured survey questionnaire. The sample population was the owner occupiers within the Gwagwalada Satellite town of the Federal Capital Territory Abuja. A total sample size of one hundred and fifty participants (150) was drawn from three sub-urban layouts namely phases 1, 2 and 3 within Gwagwalada using stratified random sampling method. The findings reveal that a great majority of the respondents have no idea about green architecture/buildings, hence, do not implement environmental management principles. This implies that most households will continue to experience severe energy and water challenges as well as environmental degradation in the face of the current global climate change crisis. The study recommends a list of drastic measures which includes the launching of a green building revolution by the Federal Government of Nigeria with all stake holders on board. This will reawaken the consciousness and make more appealing the green Architecture/building concept to majority of Nigerian households thereby enhancing environmental management and ultimately national development.
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