Energy-Efficient Retrofitting Of Higher Education Buildings In Hot-Dry Climates: A Framework For Sustainable Adaptation In Nigeria

Abstract

The demand for energy-efficient retrofitting in educational institutions is increasingly recognized as a critical response to the dual challenges of climate change and deteriorating building performance in hot-dry climates. Higher education buildings in Nigeria, often constructed without consideration for thermal comfort or energy efficiency, experience significant energy waste and occupant discomfort. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for retrofitting such buildings to enhance their energy performance and sustainability. Drawing from empirical data, simulation analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the study identifies context-specific passive design strategies, shading techniques, and material improvements suitable for hot-dry climatic zones. The framework integrates design principles such as resource economy, life cycle design, and occupant-centered solutions, offering a step-by-step guide for implementation. The study finds that passive retrofitting approaches, when aligned with localized climatic and behavioural conditions, can reduce energy consumption by up to 60% and improve indoor comfort significantly. This research provides a strategic roadmap for policymakers, designers, and facility managers aiming to promote sustainable education infrastructure in Nigeria and similar climates.