Challenges And Perceptions Of Building Information Modeling Adoption In The Nigerian Construction Industry: Insights From Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a paradigm shift for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, yet its adoption remains limited in developing economies, notably in Nigeria. This study investigates the critical challenges and barriers hindering the application of BIM among construction professionals in the Bauchi State Metropolis, Nigeria. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research utilized a quantitative survey and a detailed literature review to assess professionals' level of awareness, perceived benefits, and core obstacles to implementation. The key findings highlight a substantial gap between awareness and actual practice. Specifically, 58% of professionals reported only a moderate level of familiarity with BIM, indicating that deep technical integration is low. The primary barriers were found to be financial and institutional, a decisive 71% of respondents cite the high implementation costs of software and training as the principal financial deterrent and an institutional void is evident, with 60% expressing significant concern over the lack of standardized guidelines and clear BIM policies from governing bodies. The study also identified a major educational shortfall, as 65% of graduates reported acquiring BIM proficiency after completing their formal university education, rather than during their academic training. The study concludes that while the benefits of BIM for enhancing project delivery and sustainability are widely recognized, its adoption in Bauchi is critically hindered by these financial, technical, and institutional challenges. The paper recommends an integrated framework that combines targeted policy, educational reform, and financial incentives to accelerate the successful integration of BIM across the Nigerian construction sector.