Evaluating The Role Of Architectural Elements In Creating Child-Friendly Paediatric Healthcare Environments In Kaduna, Nigeria

Abstract

The design of paediatric healthcare environments has gradually shifted toward evidence-based approaches that enhance well-being, psychological comfort, and recovery outcomes. However, in Nigeria, such facilities are often treated as generic healthcare buildings, with limited attention to the specific needs of children. This study examines the role of architectural elements in creating child-friendly environments through an empirical assessment of three (3) purposively selected paediatric healthcare facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A mixed qualitative–quantitative observational approach was employed to assess six (6) key variables: colour and lighting, natural materials, spatial organization, child-scaled design, play zones, and biophilic elements. The results indicate that spatial organization is the most developed element across all case studies, reflecting a strong emphasis on functional efficiency. In contrast, child-centered features, particularly play zones and child-scaled design were largely absent. Biophilic elements and the use of natural materials were also poorly integrated. The analysis of the results further revealed a consistent discrepancy between functional and empirically informed design attributes. The study highlights a significant gap in the design of existing paediatric healthcare facilities and proposes a responsive design framework that integrates evidence-based principles with child-centered strategies. It is recommended that future paediatric healthcare facilities in Kaduna, Nigeria integrate child-centred architectural elements particularly child-scaled design, play zones, biophilic features, and family-centred spaces alongside improved use of colour, lighting, and natural materials to enhance child-friendly environments and support patient well-being and recovery outcomes.